Featured Project: Venetia Diamond Mine, Limpopo

 

Description:

South Africa’s largest diamond mine, the De Beers-owned Venetia, situated in the Limpopo Province (approximately 80 km west of Musina and 36 km east of Alldays) is expected to take the mine underground at a capital cost of R6.5 billion. Underground operations will access resources at an increased depth of about 1 000m below the surface. The features of the first phase of the expansion included new earthmoving vehicles (EMVs), a new primary crusher and a new fines residue deposit facility, as well as associated infrastructure, which includes a new filling station and a 1 310-m2 extension to the existing EMV workshop. The ramp-up infrastructure for Cut 4 will take the Venetia mine to 2014. Phase one is Complete. Phase two of the expansion will tackle the requirements for the ramp up to Cut 5, which will take the mine to 2021.

 

Status:

Underway

 

Category:

Infrastructure

 

Industry:

Mining

 

Sector:

Private

Region:

Limpopo

 

Value:

R 100 million+

 

Timing:

2013 onwards

 

Class:

EPCM

 

If you are a valued Projects subscriber, you can find more details about this Project here.

If you are interested in becoming one of our subscribers, please visit our website.

To view notes with screenshots on how to use our website, please visit our Wiki site.

To view more articles, please visit our blog.

About Debbie Wessels

I started at Leads 2 Business in April 2008 in the tenders Department and transferred to the Projects Department during the same year. I was appointed Head of Department for Projects from February 2011 to March 2022. April 2022 I started a new adventure as Content Regulator.

Featured Tender: Water Pipeline Replacement through Trenchless Technology in De Doorns

Contract Number:

BV649 – Breede Valley Municipality

 

Description:

The Breede Valley Municipality invites tenders from suitably qualifying contractors, service providers or suppliers for the projects, goods or services: Water Pipeline Replacement through Trenchless Technology in De Doorns.

 

Category:

Infrastructure

 

Industries:

Water

 

Region:

De Doorns

 

Site Inspection:

A compulsory clarification meeting shall take place on Wednesday, 07 February 2018, starting time 14:00. Prospective tenderers shall meet at the Breede Valley Municipality, De Dooms, 4 La Rochelle Road. Persons arriving later than 14:15 will not be allowed into the meeting.

 

Closing Date:

16 February 2018 at 11:00

 

Restrictions:

Preference Point Applicable: 80/20. CIDB Grading: 3CE or higher. Tender offers, in properly sealed envelopes and clearly marked on the outside with the corresponding bid number and description, must timeously be placed in the tender box. Telephonic, telegraphic, telex, facsimile, electronic or e-mailed bids will not be accepted. If the bid is late, it will not be accepted for consideration. The Employer does not bind itself to accept the lowest or any tender and reserves the right to accept any tender or any part thereof, which may result in the acceptance of more than one tender, whichever the case may be. The Employer shall apply the Municipal Supply Chain Management Policy as adopted in terms of Section 111 of the Municipal Financial Management Act, 2003 (Act No 56 of 2003) and relevant regulations. No bids will be considered from persons in the service of the state.

 

If you are a valued Tender subscriber, Click here for more information on this Tender.

If you are interested in becoming one of our subscribers, please visit our website.

To view notes with screenshots on how to use our website, please visit our Wiki site.

To view more articles, please visit our blog.

About Antonette Claassens

I am a fanatical researcher who takes immense pride in the information I publish and those all-important finer details. When I'm not "researching up a storm", I love the ocean, fab music, and fine dining.

Did you Know #DYK: Who would benefit from which Project Stages?

posted in: Did You Know 0

If the Construction Industry is your bread and butter it is imperative to know where you fit into the Project Lifecycle and at what stage you would get involved. Before we can see who fits in where we need to understand each stage correctly by looking at the Project Synopsis.

 

Conceptual – These are the very early stages where the Project is still only an idea or concept.

Key factors to consider at this stage are:
• What are we building?
• What studies need to be done such as Feasibility?
• Is funding secured?

Environmental Consultants, Town Planners & Geotechnical Consultants would benefit most from this early stage.

 

 

 

Procedural – This stage is where the securing of various applications occurs. The developer will also start looking at appointing his Professional team.
Key factors to consider at this stage are:
• How far is the EIA?
• What is the address of the new Development?
• Does the new development require rezoning?
• Are there any appeals?

Market researchers, Town planners, Property Developers and Quantity Surveyors would benefit most from this stage.

 

Design – This is once an Architect and/or Quantity Surveyor has been appointed. The full design team will now start drawing up the plans as well as the Bill of Quantities for the new development.
Key factors to consider at this stage are:
• What Professionals still need to be appointed?
• How many levels will the development have?
• What the value of the entire project?
• When will this be going out on Tender?
• What type of Tender will it be?
• How many Tenders are needed?

Individuals that offer Professional Services that would benefit most at the design stage of a Project. This includes Architects, Quantity Surveyors, Engineers, Interior Designers, Landscape Designers & Project Managers.

 

Tender – The Tender stage of a Project is different to a notification to Tender. The Tender stage of a Project refers to the Main Civil and/or Building Tender that will need to be finalized before construction can go ahead. There are different Types of Tenders which will need to be established, namely, Open Tender, Invited Tender & negotiated Tender.
Key factors to consider at this stage are:
• What type of Tender is it?
• Will the civil tender and building tender be separate?
• Ensure all approvals have been received?
• When will the site inspection be?
• When is the award anticipated?
• The anticipated date construction will need to commence?

Main civil and building contractors will benefit most from this stage as they will want to be awarded the development by the company in charge. Vendors, Subcontractors & suppliers will also benefit from this stage as they will have the opportunity to price to the Contractors tendering in hope of being used once the Award has been made for the development.

 

Awarded – The main contractor has now been appointed and needs to finalise all the subcontractors and suppliers before construction can commence.
Key factors to consider at this stage are:
• When is completion due?
• Have all the terms & conditions have been met?
• Are guarantees and surety in place?
• When can we start on site?

Subcontractors and suppliers will benefit most from the Awarded stage of a Project. They will now have a company they can negotiate with for business to supply or subcontract through.

 

Underway – The contractor is on site and construction has commenced.
Key factors to consider at this stage are:
• Are we on schedule?
• Ensure timing is correct?
• Is there a change in scope of works?

Since construction has commenced all the relevant subcontractors will be involved at this stage. Companies such as furniture manufactures, facilities management, IT / Telecom companies, security & cleaning would benefit once the building is almost complete as this is the time when these smaller necessities fall into place. Certain subcontractors would also only fit in during this late stage as they will assist with the personalization of the building before the keys are handed over.

 

 

 

Sources:

Idea icon

Underway Construction

About Candice Erasmus

I have been working at Leads 2 Business for 10 years of which 8 have been as the Sales Manager. I enjoy every aspect of my job and strive to hold the L2B flag high in all I do.

Industry Events: KZN Construction + Mining Indaba + Mining Leaders Summit

Industry Events: KZN Construction + Mining Indaba + Mining Leaders Summit – Leads to Business

1. Event:

KZN Construction Conference / Trade Expo

Date:

07 February 2018 from 09:00 to 18:00
08 February 2018 from 09:00 – 16:00

Event location:

Durban Exhibition Centre

Event Description:

The KZN Construction Expo is the only multi-disciplinary show for Kwazulu-Natal’s built environment focusing on buyer and seller engagements through free-to-attend content and face-to-face interactions under one roof. With thousands of attendees ranging from small contractors through to architects, quantity surveyors, property developers, government and industry associations this is an unprecedented opportunity to access KZN’s building and construction value chain from project owner to contractor in a unique setting allowing for prestigious visibility, interactive networking and on-site demonstrations.

Contact Details:

Number: 087 654 3249
E-mails:
Sponsorship and exhibition enquiries:
marcel.dutoit@kzn-construction.co.za
Marketing and PR Opportunities:
justin.marthinus@kzn-construction.co.za
Registration and travel info:
meghan.gilson@kzn-construction.co.za

Event Website:

KZN Construction Conference / Trade Expo

 

 

 

2. Event:

Mining Indaba 2018

Date:

05 February 2018 – 08 February 2018

Event location:

Cape Town, South Africa

Event Description:

Investing in African Mining Indaba is solely dedicated to the successful capitalisation and development of mining interests in Africa. Located in Cape Town, South Africa for over 20 years, this event unites investors, mining companies, governments and other stakeholders from around the world to learn and network, all toward the single goal of advancing mining on the continent. Also known as Mining Indaba, we are dedicated to supporting education, career development, sustainable development, and other important causes in Africa.

Contact Details:

E-mail: info@miningindaba.com

Event Website:

Mining Indaba 2018

 

 

3. Event:

Mining Leaders Africa Summit

Date:

02 February 2018

Event location:

15 on Orange Hotel, Cape Town, South Africa

Event Description:

The Mining Leaders Africa Summit allows you to engage and network with industry leaders from the mining communities from across Sub-Saharan, East, West and South Africa.

Contact Details:

E-mail: darren.roach@energlobeltd.com

Event Website:

Mining Leaders Africa Summit

 

About Eldary Carpenter

I have been with Leads 2 Business for 5 years and absolutely love working for such a dynamic company. I started off as a Content Researcher in the Tenders Department before being promoted to Customer Relations.

L2B Blog: How do Projects differ from Tenders on our website?

posted in: Featured Project 0

What is the difference between a project and a tender?? This is the question Clients and Potential Clients often ask.

It can potentially get a little confusing, but in short, a project is a development that is tracked from conception to completion e.g. The development of a hotel. A tender is a specific tender for a specific requirement e.g. a tender might go out for the supply of bricks.
There might be several tenders that go out within a specific project.

Tenders:

Generally speaking, 95 – 99% of tenders are for government or parastatals as they are required by law to put their requirements out to tender. Private developers aren’t legally required to tender, so most of the time they will invite or negotiate with suppliers to price.

Leads 2 Business researches from various sources for building and construction-related Tenders throughout Southern Africa. We have a dedicated team who collate tenders published on websites, newspapers, online portals and government gazettes.

We publish these on a daily basis in a user-friendly template on the website. These tenders are categorised according to their location, CIDB Grading and industry. This allows our subscribers to access all live and awarded tender information,

which is easy to search and refine, to give YOU the information that is relevant to YOUR business. We also send an e-mail containing a summary of the leads that match your online profile at the end of each business day.

 

A tender document is sent out, for example, a tender may go out for bricks for a particular project.

 

This begins the process whereby interested and qualified suppliers are able to provide pricing for the tendered materials, and the contractor who tendered for those materials can review pricing and service offerings and award the tender to a suitable supplier.

 

Projects:

When we refer to a project, we look at it holistically from start to finish. This is where we track the developments through all the different stages and provide our clients with the contact details of the right person at the right stage of the project. We define the project stages as follows:

Conceptual

The conceptual stage is the beginning phase of the project development. The following can occur at this stage of the development:

  • Appointment of a Client / Developer
  • Feasibility Process
  • Securing Funding
  • Request for Proposal
Procedural

Procedural stage of project development involves obtaining various approvals and authorisations:

  • Basic Design
  • Geotechnical Study
  • Licensing
  • EIA Process
  • Property Rezoning
  • Professionals
Design

The design stage of a project involves detailed design, this is where the majority of the Project Professionals such as Architects, Quantity Surveyors and Engineers get appointed.

Where the following can occur:

  • Detailed Design
  • Expression of Interest
  • Negotiation
Tender
At this stage, the main contractors will submit pricing for the project as a whole.
Bidding Contractors’ details are listed under Bidders.

The following can occur:

  • Tender
  • Appointment of an Anchor Tenant
  • Invited to Tender list
Awarded & Underway
The main contractor and subcontractors have been awarded reflecting the Main Building and Civil Contractor details under Awards.
Completed
In the completed phase of project development, it means practical completion is nearing the end, or it is already structurally complete.
Cancelled 
A development may be cancelled for a number of reasons. Sometimes the developer runs out of funds, perhaps the environmental studies picked up on a species of frog that cannot be relocated and the project is cancelled until a new site can be acquired…. Whatever the reason, the cancellation of a project is always an inconvenience, and we alert our subscribers as soon as possible so that any parties that were interested or bidding on the project can plan and react accordingly.
Postponed 
Project developments can be postponed or put on hold for various reasons. If you are monitoring a project where this occurs, you will receive an update email when the status changes.
I hope you now have a better understanding of the difference between projects and tenders! Happy searching on our site, and may all stages of “Project 2018”, from conception to completion, be prosperous for you 😉
Sources:

About Amy Steyn

I started at Leads 2 Business in August 2017, so I am relatively new to the L2B family. In my role as Account Executive, I am one of the lucky ones that get to interact with you, the client, on a day to day basis! I'm learning every day, and I look forward to what the future holds at L2B!

Featured Project: Jacana Eco Estate

Jacana Eco Estate

 

Description:

Construction of 30 homes, for a gated estate which will be known as Jacana Eco Estate. Plot and plan development offers different sites and designs. The estate aims to provide, newly built modern contemporary homes, located within a gated estate, at affordable prices, all the while maintaining modern design features, high-quality finishes and a safe living environment. Estate also focuses on the environmental issues, such as rainwater harvesting, gas and solar options. Security with 24/7 guarding facilities at the gate. The site is situated along Hayfields Road in Hilton, KwaZulu-Natal.

 

   

Status:

Awarded

 

Category:

Building

 

Industry:

Residential

 

Sector:

Private

Region:

Hilton

 

Value:

Unknown At This Stage

 

Timing:

February 2018 to December 2020 (2 years)

 

Class:

Invited / Negotiated

 

If you are a valued Projects subscriber, you can find more details here 

Our blog also explains What Projects are all about

If you are not subscribed to L2B yet, please visit our website or visit our blog for more Featured Projects previously published.

About Sasha Anderson

Millennial Mom + wife living the hash-tag life. Remember: If You Fail - Fail Forward

Featured Tender: Replacement of the 11kv Cable with Open Transmission Line

Replacement of the 11kv Cable with Open Transmission Line

Contract Number:

20/2017/CTN/INFRA – PRASA

Description:

Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa Johannesburg invites tenders for Replacement of the 11kv Cable with Open Transmission Line and the Replacement of the 33kv ABC with a New 33kv ABC.

Category:

Electrical and Instrument

Industries:

Power Grid

Institutional

Region:

Western Cape

Site Inspection:

Bidders will not be allowed at the briefing without the valid tender documentations. Late comers will only be allowed to be 15 minutes late. A compulsory clarification meeting with representitives of the Employer will take place at Room 163 Infrastructure Building, Off Malta Road, Salt River on 26 January 2018 starting at 13:30.

Closing Date:

05 February 2018 at 12:00

Restrictions:

It is estimated that tenderers should have a cidb contractor grading of 6EP. Preferences are offered to tenderers who 5EP or Higher Only tenderers who who are a 5EP and higher are eligible to submit tenders. Tenderers will be evaluated on 80/20 (Price=80 and BBBEE Status = 20) Bidders who do not achieve 60% threshold within the technical evaluation will be disqualified. NB: It is Mandatory requirement for prospective suppliers to be registered on the CSD in All Requests for Price Quotations and advertisement for procurement of goods and / or services. Telephonic, Telegraphic, Telex, Facsimile, Emailed and Late Tenders will not be accepted. Tenders may only be submitted on the tender documentation that is issued. Requirements for sealing, addressing, delivering, opening and assessment of Tenders are stated in the Tender Data

 

If you are a valued Tender subscriber, Click here for more information.

If you are interested in becoming one of our subscribers, please visit our website.

About Claire Donaldson

I started working at Leads 2 Business in February 2005, and have served as Head of Department of Daily Tenders from 2007 until the present. I oversee both the Daily Tenders South Africa and Africa Departments.

Did you Know #DYK: Why should I subscribe to Leads 2 Business (L2B)?

Why should I subscribe to Leads 2 Business (L2B)?

Why should I subscribe to Leads 2 Business (L2B)?

Introduction

Leads 2 Business, which was established in 1999, is a web-based construction information company that publishes project and tender leads. We have 19 years experience in supplying you with reliable, current and viable leads. #experiencedoescount

 

Reasons to subscribe to L2B:

 

1. Saving your Time and Money:

At a touch of a button you will have access to Leads, opportunities and valuable information within the building and construction Industry, to possibly improve and expand your business.

L2B will help you to manage your time efficiently and save you money, as you will not have to try find and purchase various newspapers and search websites with tender notices. We will do all that for you (trust us, we know, it is a mission). We do this by sending you a ‘Daily Advisory,’ which is an e-mail you receive on a daily basis, with all your Leads, specific to what is of interest to you, neatly listed in specific categories, where you will click on the lead of interest and will take you through to the full lead on our website.

 

The advisory includes:

Projects https://www.l2b.co.za/Projects/Private-Construction-Jobs and

https://www.l2b.co.za/Projects/Project-Development-Phases

Tenders https://www.l2b.co.za/Tenders/Tenders-In-South-Africa and

https://www.l2b.co.za/Tenders/Tender-Africa

Awards https://www.l2b.co.za/Tenders/Tender-Awards

Any updates on Projects and Tenders you are monitoring –  Monitoring a tender or projects means that you will receive any updates on this lead, eg. if the closing date has been changed, cancelled or any other change that has been made. The monitored item will be easy to find as all your monitored items will be filed together.

 

2. Fear of Missing out (FOMO):

This advisory ensures ease of mind, as we don’t want you to miss out on any leads.  If you are going away on business, and will be out the office, you will still receive your advisory and have access to the system, with your username and password. You can also view previous dated advisories, and search the system. You can view the L2B system by using your laptop, tablet or mobile phone as our system is compatible with these devices.

 

You can set reminders for site meetings and closing dates, either to be received via e-mail or sms. You can make your own personal notes on each lead and monitor leads of interest, which can be viewed altogether, and if there any updates on these leads you will receive this in your advisory.  You can also create individual monitors to monitor various leads.

 

3. Be in the Know

L2B will assist you to be in “the Know” by supplying you with the 4 W’s:

Who is building,

Who is doing the actual work on the Project?

Who is in the professional team, e.g.: Architects, QS, Contractors.

Who do I contact with questions about the Tender/Project? 

 

What,

What are they constructing? A hotel? Office? Roads? Schools?

 

Where

Where is the project happening?

 

When

When is the site inspection date, closing date, award date and commencement date?

 

Therefore giving you the opportunity to offer your prices, at the right time, and possibly winning a contract.

 

 

4. It’s all about you (No Contract)

If you wish to cancel your subscription, all you have to is give 14 days written notice, as we know that times can get tight and you can always resubscribe. And we can even possibly offer you a cheaper package.

 

 

5. Extra Mile

Staff at L2B will go the extra mile for you, as we want you to be the best you can be. If you succeed, we succeed.

 

 

 

We want 2018 to be your best year yet , so in order expand your business, subscribe to us and let us go the extra mile for you.

 

 

 

Please click here for further information on what Leads 2 Business has to offer.

 

Sources for images:

Question Mark

Animation pressing button

Fear of missing out Animation

Animation holding W

It’s all about you

2018 image

If you are interested in becoming one of our subscribers, please visit our website.

To view notes with screenshots on how to use our website, please visit our Wiki site.

To view more articles, please visit our blog.

About Pauline Rainbird

I have been working at L2B since March 2011 and my current position is Deputy Head of Department - Africa. When I am not working I am either riding my bicycle or spending time with my dogs.

Industry Events: MTE Cullinan

MTE Cullinan

MTE Cullinan

Event:

MTE Cullinan

 

Date:

25 January 2018 at 13:00 – 17:00

 

Event location:

Cullinan Community Sport Centre

 

Event Description:

Cullinan mine has an expected life span of about 50 years and contains a world-class diamond resource of194 metric carats (Mcts). The mine has undertaken an expansion programme that is expected to increase annual production from 0.7Mcts in 2016 to 2.2Mcts in 2019.

Exhibitors we would like to see include companies that supply equipment or products to the diamond mines
or that supply equipment or products that can be used in the diamond mining process. Cullinan is a diamond
mining area so, if you’re involved in that business, then this is the expo for you.

 

Contact Person:

Andrew Macnamara

E-mail: andrew@interactmedia.co.za

Tel: +27(0)82 720 0083

Event Website:

MTE Cullinan

 

 

If you are interested in becoming one of our subscribers, please visit our website.

To view notes with screenshots on how to use our website, please visit our Wiki site.

To view more articles, please visit our blog.

 

About Eldary Carpenter

I have been with Leads 2 Business for 5 years and absolutely love working for such a dynamic company. I started off as a Content Researcher in the Tenders Department before being promoted to Customer Relations.

L2B Blog: What are Projects all about?

What are Projects all about?

The question I get asked the most being a Projects researcher is… ‘What are Projects all about?‘.

It is early days in 2018 and my understanding levels are still rebooting after the holidays. I thought I would try and provide an explanation that may be a little tongue in cheek and also help people remember easily what Projects are all about. So, in my analogy, I decided to do a comparison between Projects and Fishing (in my head this means only fly fishing, but you can use most fishing for this analogy).

 

Projects vs Fishing

What happens in a Project? Well, we follow the full life cycle of the Project (think of it like your life, from birth until your eventual end). Now a Project can be broken into a few defining stages, which is how we put our information into groups to make it easier to follow, understand and find your best area of benefit from a business perspective. So without further adieu, here are the various stages broken down for your ease of reference.

 

 

Projects Planning
 

Conceptual

Projects

This consists of the appointing of the Client or Developer, Feasibility study, acquiring of funding and Request for Proposals (RFP).

Fishing

Your mind starts hatching a plan for getting away and going fishing. You are looking at your bank balance and wondering if this is a feasible decision.

(Click here for examples of this Project stage)

 

Procedural

Projects

Here the basic design is conceived along with the geotechnical study, EIA process, Town Planning and appointment of Professionals who will carry out these and other duties.

Fishing

You begin to look at the calendar and note when the public holidays are, what the weather is expected to be at the time (we all know how that effects fishing), the distance needed to travel and the people that will be involved in this trip.

(Click here for examples of this Project stage)

 

Design

Projects

The detailed design is completed and the Bill of Quantities prepared.

Fishing

You search fishing forums and websites, as well as Trip Advisor, Lodges and Google reviews for the best places to visit that, will supply your (fly) fishing needs.

(Click here for examples of this Project stage)

 

Projects Construction Design

Tender

Projects

The Project is sent to an Invited list of Bidders to Tender or goes out to Open Tender and once the Bids are received, negotiations with Contractors proceed.

Fishing

You make a decision on where you are going to fish and stay; book and pay. You alight in your chariot with all the correct tackle and head to your destination.

(Click here for examples of this Project stage)

 

Awarded

Projects

The Main Contractor is Awarded and applies for permits to begin on site.

Fishing

The weather is perfect, the fishing permit is in hand and as your line sinks into the watery depths, you feel a definite tug as you hook what feels like a bus of a fish.

(Click here for examples of this Project stage)

 

Projects Awarded

Underway

Projects

The process goes ahead with Site Handover, Site Establishment and the commencement of the actual construction work.

Fishing

Your experience and skills come into play in fighting your fish, cleverly steering it away from weeds and avoiding logs and rocks.

(Click here for examples of this Project stage)

 

Complete/Cancelled/Postponed

Projects

The project is either classified as Complete, Cancelled or is Postponed.

Fishing

You successfully land the fish, or you lose the fish. The line wraps around either a tree, gets stuck in the weed or the hook breaks and the fish lives to fight another day.

(Examples can be found on the following links: Complete, Cancelled, Postponed Project stages)

 

Projects vs Fly fishing

 

 

And there you have it! Projects explained in a fresh and easy way. Parcels of information that help your business get a foot in the door at the right time. If you want to find out which stages are the best for what you do, take a look at ‘At which point in the Project Life Cycle can your Business find Value‘.

If you want to take a look at the other services we provide, you can take a look at ‘Snoop our Services‘.

How many fish are you planning to catch this year? Which of those fish will keep your Business in the black? Maybe taking a look at our Project service will help your Business and get you out fishing more often. If you are interested, pop me a comment on the Blog with your mail address or mail me at CarmenB@L2B.co.za and I will be sure to be in contact with you.

 

Until then, have a fantastic day.

 

Picture sources

1 https://pixabay.com/get/eb3cb20c28f5053ed95c4518b7494090eb70e4d704b0144093f0c97ba1ebb4_960.jpg

2 https://pixabay.com/get/eb33b90d2ef0003ed95c4518b7494090eb70e4d704b0144093f0c97ba0e5b7_960.jpg

3 https://pixabay.com/get/ea35b2082ff3093ed95c4518b7494090eb70e4d704b0144093f0c97bafe9b6_960.jpg

4 https://pixabay.com/get/e834b5062df4033ed95c4518b7494090eb70e4d704b0144093f0c97bafe5b3_960.jpg

 

 

About Carmen Barends

Social Media adventurer exploring new frontiers and learning how to survive. Tongue in cheek and mischief are the order of any good day topped with a sprinkling of laughter.

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