Industry Events: Securex

1. Event:

Securex

 

Date:

30 May 2017 – 01 June 2017

09:00 – 16:00

 

Event location:

Gallagher Convention Centre, Johannesburg

 

Event Description:

Africa’s leading Security & Fire Exhibition
Leveraging 23 years of experience in the security and fire sector, the steady and unparalleled growth of the exhibition has earned Securex its reputation as Africa’s leading sector trade show.

 

Event Website:

Securex

 

 

About Eldary Carpenter

I have been with Leads 2 Business for 5 years and absolutely love working for such a dynamic company. I started off as a Content Researcher in the Tenders Department before being promoted to Customer Relations.

L2B Blog: The toll on our roads: is it fair & the impact on accidents and safety

posted in: General 0

The toll on our roads: is it fair & the impact on accidents and safety

Before starting the discussion if tolls are fair we need to know the following:

 

What are tolls?

Most roads are built with local, state or national government money raised from taxes. Tolls are like a tax that applies only to the users of the toll road. Some lanes may have people working the toll booths so that you can pay with change or cash like we usually see in South Africa.

Click here to view the source

 

Why have toll roads?

Roads form the main artery of economic competitiveness, growth and social development. To build roads costs billions of rands. Toll roads assist us in meeting the demands of social services, which are important for the growth of our country. Toll roads accelerate the availability of initial funding for construction, compared to traditional tax-based funding. They also make new road capacity available to motorists sooner. Toll roads, therefore, reduce the total net cost to the economy, ensuring greater opportunities for prosperity and growth.

 

What are my tolls used for?

The tolls collected on a specific road are used to, among other things, repay the loans obtained to finance the building, upgrading or improvement of the road. In addition, it provides a dedicated on-going revenue stream, which enables the road to be adequately maintained and improved, independent of tax –based revenues.

 

What do I get from using a toll road?

Toll roads are built and maintained to the highest possible standards. Because we uphold such standards, South Africa is recognised as a world leader in pavement technology.

Therefore you are ensured of a smooth ride, saving you on the running costs of your vehicle and saving you time. Improved security ensures you a safe and pleasant journey. Tolls ensure that funding is available much sooner, for adding highway capacity at the right time thereby relieving congestion, reducing losses in time and productivity.

I feel an argument coming on, does the government use this revenue wisely? Do they take the commuters using these roads daily in consideration?

If you use the tolls once in a while one might not be affected by the increase in toll fees, but if you use these daily routes to work and back, costs start adding up.

A trip from Soweto to Pretoria cost motorists an additional six percent in tolls. This is just one route‚ as the increases cover tolls across South Africa,

The Automobile Association (AA)‚ commenting on the South African National Roads Agency’s tariff increases announced unexpectedly in March 2017‚ calculated that the increase in rand terms is from R731.80 to R775.40 for a return trip between Soweto and Pretoria on a monthly basis.

Click here to view the source

 

Like all costs, tolls fees have to be increased as well as toll roads are constantly being upgraded, but one wrong decision made by a civil engineer and millions of rands could go to waste.

Okay, but that’s opening a whole new can of worms.

Accidents can be caused by various aspects when using roads, including bad road surfaces, bright lighting from oncoming traffic (from the not so courteous drivers), no proper barriers in place which could avoid a string of vehicles from being involved in an accident, potholes… POTHOLES!!!

Click here to view the source

 

Every driver’s nightmare, besides causing damage to your vehicle that can cost you thousands to repair, these tiny holes and some not so tiny, can cause truck accidents and motorcycle accidents in addition to poor road conditions that often result in serious car accident injuries.

Moreover, motorcycle drivers are at an increased risk for serious and fatal injuries due to the dangerous road conditions potholes create. When a vehicle hits a deep pothole, the impact is similar to that of a collision at 35m/ph (56.3km/ph). All motorists have a responsibility to look out for road hazards, such as potholes and drive carefully to prevent car accidents.

Yes, motorists have to do to their part concerning road safety, but the government also has to play a vital role in this.

Road safety campaigns have been implemented from their side. Is this enough? Have they drawn enough attention to these campaigns?

A key aspect of the integrated Road Safety Management Programme is increasing pedestrian safety. In planning and design, SANRAL (South African National Roads Agency) provides for interventions such as traffic calming, safe stopping areas for public transport and pedestrian bridges. The Department of Transport also engages communities adjacent to national roads to find solutions to pedestrians’ needs.

To contribute to safety on the roads, SANRAL has developed a database of projects that need to be implemented in areas that are hazardous to pedestrians. The solutions range from pedestrian bridges, pavements, road safety education and traffic calming measures.

When it comes to managing safety on freeways, SANRAL’s incident management system, supported by central coordination centres, embraces interaction between emergency services and law enforcement agencies on all declared national routes.

Be safe on the road my fellow commuters, overall we have to keep ourselves safe on the roads.

Here are a few tips to keep you and others safe when travelling,

  • adhere to the speed limit
  • avoid the use of cell phones while driving
  • ensure that your vehicle is roadworthy
  • do not cross the road where it is not safe to do so
  • take regular breaks
  • buckle up, safety belts save lives
  • avoid driving under the influence of alcohol

 

Also visit the Arrive Alive website for more safety tips, https://www.arrivealive.co.za/

Travel safely!!!

 

Did you Know #DYK: Interesting facts about research in South Africa

About Sharika Raman

I have worked for Leads 2 Business from January 2015. I started in the Leads 2 Quotes Department for Directory, in January 2020 I was promoted to the Deputy Head of Department for Leads 2 Quotes and in July 2021 I was promoted to the Accounts Department as a Debtors Administrator. I enjoy time with my family creating memories, I like to socialize but also enjoy time to myself so I try to keep a balance by indulging in some quiet time when I can. I see myself as a realist, amazing wife and awesome mom…I am sure my family would agree.

Featured Project: Rutenga to Beitbridge Road, Zimbabwe

posted in: Uncategorized 0

Description: Construction of Harare – Masvingo – Beitbridge road dualisation in Zimbabwe. Section 4: Rutenga to Beitbridge road – 135 kilometres.

Status: Underway

Industry: Infrastructure

Region: Zimbabwe

Sector: Public

Value: R 100 million+

Timing: May 2017 – May 2019

Notes: The groundbreaking ceremony will be held on 18 May 2017 signalling the start of construction of the proposed works. Contract period is expected to be three years.

If you are a valued Projects subscriber, you can find more details click here

About Melanie Miles

One girl who would rather wear boots than high heels...

Featured Tender: Periodic Maintenance (Reseal) On National Route 12 Section 6 Between Vosburg (Km 56,6) And Kiewietskuil (Km 80,0)

posted in: Uncategorized 0

Contract Number: NRAN.012-060-2017/1 – SANRAL

Description: Invitation to Tender: Periodic Maintenance (Reseal) On National Route 12 Section 6 Between Vosburg (Km 56,6) And Kiewietskuil (Km 80,0). he South African National Roads Agency SOC Limited (SANRAL) invites tenders for the Periodic Maintenance (Reseal) on National Route 12 Section 6 between Vosburg (km 56,6) and Kiewietskuil (km 80,0). This project is in the province of Northern Cape and in the district municipality of Pixley ka Seme. The approximate duration is 7 months

Industry Sector: Road

Industry: Infrastructure

Region: Northern Cape

Site Inspection: Clarification meeting is compulsory. Late arrivals will not be allowed to participate in the meeting and their submissions shall be declared non-responsive. 26 May 2017, 10:00. Britstown Town Hall. A compulsory tender clarification meeting with representatives of SANRAL will take place at the Britstown Town Hall in 27 Kerk Straat in Britstown on 26 May 2017 starting at 10:00. Late arrivals will not be allowed to participate in the meeting and their submissions shall be declared non-responsive.

Closing Date: 15 June 2017 at 14:00

Restrictions: Only tenders with a B-BBEE contributor status level of 1, 2, 3 or 4, are eligible to tender. Only tenderers who have access to a suitably qualified and experienced contracts manager who will be the single point accountability and responsibility for the management of the construction works, and who is registered with SACPCMP as PrCM or with ECSA as PrEng or PrTechEng are eligible to tender. Tenderers should have a CIDB contractor grading designation of 7CE or higher, however tenderers attention is drawn to clause 4.1.1 of the Tender Data when submitting their tender. Tenders from tenderers with a CIDB contractor grading designation of 6 CEPE or lower will not be accepted. The primary criterion in selection, apart from the qualification and experience of the contracts manager (Contractor’s Representative), CIDB grading and costs, will be the degree to which the tenderer can demonstrate appropriate knowledge and expertise. Only locally produced or locally manufactured products and components for construction with a stipulated minimum threshold for local content and production as stated in the Tender Data will be considered. Where the tendered value is less than R48 Million, it is a requirement of this project that the successful tenderer subcontract a minimum of thirty percent (30%) of the work if the tenderer is a QSE, otherwise the successful tenderer shall subcontract a minimum of fifty percent (50%) of the work to Targeted Enterprise(s) as defined in the Contract Data. Where the tendered value is more than R48 Million, it is a requirement of this project that the successful tenderer subcontract a minimum of thirty percent (30%) of the work if the tenderer has a CIDB 8CE contractor designation, otherwise the successful tenderer shall subcontract a minimum of fifty percent (50%) of the work to Targeted Enterprise(s) as defined in the Contract Data. Preferences are offered to tenderers who comply with the criteria stated in the Tender Data.

If you are a valued Tender subscriber, Click to here for more information

About Nonkazi Zondi

I started at Leads 2 Business in September 2016 as a Content Researcher in the Daily Tenders South Africa Department.

Did you know #DYK – How to search for trending civil tenders?

posted in: Did You Know 4

How to search for trending civil tenders?

If something is “Trending”, it means that it is popular. It is otherwise defined by Oxford Dictionaries as a “general direction in which something is developing or changing”.

 

On the Leads 2 Business system, trending tenders fall within our Reporting feature, and are those tenders that have been viewed the most and/or monitored by the most clients – they have become topics of interest. They are popular.

In this post, we are referring specifically to trending civil tenders.

 

To locate the data on trending tenders, you need to navigate to Reporting:

 

Have a look at the menu on the left-hand side of your screen (while logged in to your profile), and find the “Reporting”.

 

Expand the Reporting menu, and then the Trending sub-menu. You should see an option to view Most Monitored and an option to view Most Viewed tenders. I have highlighted both of these options in the image below. Select the option that you would like to view.

When you click on one of the options, you will see that you land on the Search Results page.

As we are searching for trending civil tenders, the first thing that I would suggest that you do, using the search criteria menu on the left-hand side of your screen, is de-select both Tenders and Projects (the system has automatically selected both) from the Category option (the first option on the search criteria menu).

Expand the Tenders sub-menu (still under the Category option), and only select Infrastructure (civil construction tenders are categorised under the Infrastructure industry).

 

Once you have performed the above changes, your selected search criteria should resemble the images below (the second image is just to show that if you scroll down on the Tenders sub-menu, Infrastructure can be seen, and it has been selected):

Should you wish to, you can narrow the results down even further, by selecting specific Regions, CIDB Gradings, etc.)

 

We also have another wonderful feature on our website, which allows you to view the number of trending tenders on our database in graph form. The data that is depicted on the graph is dependent on the criteria you select.

 

Please navigate to Trending, under the Reporting sub-menu again. This time, click on Market Intelligence > Tenders.

 

You should now find yourself on this page:

The data can be manipulated using the blue All Industries drop-down menu; the green All CIDB Gradings drop-down menu; and the purple All Regions drop-down menu. From each of these options, you can choose a specific industry, CIDB grading, and/or region, or you can leave the options as default “All …”. You can select the Date Range for the data, by using the grey calendar bar at the top right-hand corner above the graph (the options are This Year; One Year Back; Three Years Back; Five Years Back; Ten Years Back; and Custom Range).

 

As an example, let’s say that we would like to see the data for trending civil tenders in KwaZulu-Natal, with no specific CIDB Grading, published in our database between 01 January 2017 to 30 April 2017:

 

We would select Infrastructure from the All Industries drop-down menu. The CIDB drop-down will be left unchanged, and we would select KwaZulu-Natal from the All Regions drop-down menu. The results can be seen in the image below.

I do hope that I have taught you something new about the way in which you can view information on our website and that you can utilise this information to enhance the way in which you carry out your business tasks.

If you are interested in becoming one of our subscribers, please visit our website.
To view notes with screenshots on how to use our website, please visit our Wiki site.
To view more articles, please visit our blog.

About Bianca Warwick

I had the privilege of joining the Leads 2 Business content team in January 2012. I work in the exciting Projects department, following the progress of construction developments in KwaZulu-Natal and the Free State.

L2B Blog: Reporting for Dummies (Part 3)

Reporting for Dummies (Part 3)

All graphs provide the ability to download the graph to the following formats: png, jpg or pdf. You can also annotate the graphs with your own notes and observations and open the graphs to full screen.

 

Trending:

A. Market Intelligence – Projects:

1. Projects Published Trending over time – you search for your specific date range within all the Industries, all Values and all Regions. By filtering, you can choose the parameters you would like to view.

2. Projects Published by Region – you can search for your specific date range within all the Industries and all Values. By filtering, you can choose the parameters you would like to view.

3. Projects Published by Industry – you can search for your specific date range within all Values and Regions. By filtering, you can choose the parameters you would like to view.

4. Projects Published by Value – you can search for your specific date range within all the Industries and all Regions. By filtering, you can choose the parameters you would like to view.

B. Market Intelligence – Tenders:

1. Tenders Published Trending over time – you can search for your specific date range within all the Industries, CIDB Gradings and Regions. By filtering, you can choose the parameters you would like to view.

2. Tenders Published by Region – you can search for your specific date range within all the Industries and CIDB Gradings. By filtering, you can choose the parameters you would like to view.

3. Tenders Published by Industry – you can search for your specific date range within the CIDB Gradings and Regions. By filtering, you can choose the parameters you would like to view.

4. Tenders Published by Value – you can search for your specific date range within all the Industries and Regions. By filtering, you can choose the parameters you would like to view.

C. Most Viewed: When you click on Most Viewed, it will display the Projects / Tenders that have been viewed the most on the website.

D. Most Monitored: When you click on Most Monitored, it will display the Projects / Tenders that have the most monitors on the website.

Thank you for your interest in our Reporting Features. We are always willing to assist, should you require any assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.

If you are interested in becoming one of our subscribers, please visit our website.
To view notes with screenshots on how to use our website, please visit our Wiki site.
To view more articles, please visit our blog.

About Cecile Van Deventer

I joined the L2Q Team in 2006, as a L2Q Support Assistant and have been the HOD since 2010. I supervise L2Q Bills, Daily Tender Bills, Control Lists and Directory.

L2B Blog: The longest Civil Engineering job Underway in SA

The longest Civil Engineering job Underway in SA

“N2 Wild Coast Toll Highway”

The longest Civil Engineering job Underway in SA

PPA 6181 on L2b Website: http://www.l2b.co.za/Project/N2-Wild-Coast-Toll-Highway/6181

Is it the One / Is dit die Een / Ingabe iwo na?

Image Source: click here

 

Talks about this project have been going on since 2008, when the project was first captured on the L2B Website.

It has created thousands of jobs as the work included nine major bridges and three interchange bridges. The project also includes two mega-bridges across the Msikaba and Mtentu river gorges at a cost of R1.2-billion and R1.3 billion respectively.

 

What this all looked like before the works:

Image Source: click here

Which justifies why this was the most controversial subjects and most popular as it was famous for its unspoilt and untouched natural surroundings

 

As we all know Construction works are carried out in the form of projects. Projects are becoming progressively larger and more complex in terms of physical size and cost. In the modern world, the execution of a project requires the management of scarce resources; manpower, material, money, and machines to be managed throughout the life of the project – from conception to completion – as per pictures below:

 

Construction Process (From Start to Finish):

Image Source: click here

 

Image Source: click here

 

Image Source: click here

 

Image Source: click here

 

Facts and Benefits:

  • The creation of this new road increased accessibility to the area and thus increased job creation and improved livelihoods
  • It has also served to increase connectivity and logistics between the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal regions.
  • Moreover, the many coastal reserves, whose aims are to educate people and to conserve the natural environment, and serve as tourist attractions, will become more accessible.
  • Overall, on the positive side, it is anticipated that the new N2 road has greatly benefitted the surrounding communities in terms of job creation, infrastructure development and accessibility, which facilitates tourism and related economic opportunities.

Despite the works that have taken place over the years, it is still amazing how the Wild Coast has preserved its originality by keeping and maintaining its tourist attractions:

Image Source: click here

No wonder Everybody likes taking a walk on the Wild Side…..Thanks to the N2 wild coast Highway, it has made this much much easier

For reference purposes, please refer to the following link: http://www.wildcoast.co.za/wild-coast-toll-road-eia-public-participation-flawed

About Michelle Ngubo

I have been working at L2B since March 2014 and my current position is Tenders Africa Deputy HOD and Classy is the best word that describes me.

Featured Project: Maluti-a-Phofung IDZ – Infrastructure

Description: Construction of services and infrastructure for the Maluti-a-Phofung Industrial Development Zone / Industriqwa Industrial Estate, at Maluti-a-Phofung near Harrismith in the Free State. The Tshiame IDZ will focus on automotive, clothing and agro-processing activities. CIDB 9: R130 Million Plus.

Status: Tender

Industry: Infrastructure

Region: Harrismith

Sector: Public

Value: R 100 million+

Timing: 2017 onwards.

Notes: The Closing Date for DTA 624564 has been extended to 13 April 2017. A Copy of the Site Attendance Register has been requested via email, awaiting a response.

If you are a valued Projects subscriber, you can find more details click here

About Bianca Warwick

I had the privilege of joining the Leads 2 Business content team in January 2012. I work in the exciting Projects department, following the progress of construction developments in KwaZulu-Natal and the Free State.

Featured Tender: Rehabilitation of road P175/1 from Potchefstroom to Vanderbijlpark road (Gauteng Border) approximately (12) kilometres

Contract Number: PWR85/13 – Department of Public Works and Roads

Description: Tenders are invited for: Rehabilitation of road P175/1 from Potchefstroom to Vanderbijlpark road (Gauteng Border) approximately (12) kilometres. Name of institution: Department of Public Works and Roads. Place where goods, works or services are required: Potchefstroom to Vanderbijlpark.

Industry Sector: Road + Institutional

Industry: Infrastructure

Region: North West

Site Inspection: A compulsory briefing session will be held on: Date: 25 May 2017 at Time: 10:00. Venue: Willows Garden Hotel, No. 82 Goven Mbeki Avenue, Potchefstroom.

Closing Date: 09 June 2017 at 11:00

Restrictions: Department Of Public Works & Roads, Mmabatho, Gate House. Documents will be available from 15th May 2017 at a non-refundable fee of R300.00 payable at department offices or at Bank Name: Absa, Account Name: Nw-Department Of Public Works & Roads, Account No.: 4085956856, Branch Code: 634540, Ref No.: Company Name And Project No.

If you are a valued Tender subscriber, Click to here for more information

About Roxanne Mustard

My Name is Roxanne Mustard and I started working at Leads 2 Business in September 2016. My role in the Leads 2 Business team is as a Regional Content researcher in the Projects Department.

Did you know #DYK – The difference between various road surfaces

posted in: Did You Know 8

The difference between various road surfaces

Asphalt, Gravel, Concrete and Pavers, but many countries use certain material depending on the area conditions and climate, despite concrete roads having some major advantages. Concrete and Asphalt are more commonly used. Learn about the advantages and disadvantages of the different road paving surfaces in this article.

 

Asphalt:

One of the most popular types of construction ever since its inception in the early 1920’s is asphalt paving. In this construction technique, a layer of asphalt is laid on top of an equally thick gravel base. Advantages of this form of road construction are that the pavement proves relatively easy to repair and maintain as well. However, asphalts is known to be significantly less durable and stronger than most other choices and isn’t the best for the environment either. Polypropylene and polyester geosynthetics have also been used for this purpose and in some northern countries, a layer of polystyrene boards have been used to delay and minimise frost penetration into the subgrade.

Depending on the temperature at which it is applied, asphalt is categorised as hot mix, warm mix, or cold mix. Hot mix asphalt is applied at temperatures over 300 °F (150°C) with a free-floating screed. Warm mix asphalt at temperatures of 200-250 °F (95-120°C), resulting in reduced energy usage and emissions of volatile organic compounds. Cold mix asphalt is often used on lower volume rural roads, where hot mix asphalt would cool too much on the long trip from the asphalt plant to the construction site.

An asphalt concrete surface will generally be constructed for high-volume primary highways having an average annual daily traffic load greater than 1200 vehicles per day. Advantages of asphalt roadways include relatively low noise and relatively low cost compared with other paving methods. Disadvantages are less tensile strength than concrete, the tendency to become slick and soft on hot weather and a certain amount of hydrocarbon pollution to soil and groundwater or waterways.

In 1960’s, rubberized asphalt was used for the first time, mixing crumb rubber from used tires, with asphalt. While a potential use for tires that would otherwise fill landfills and present a fire hazard, rubberized asphalt has shown a greater incidence of wear in freeze-thaw cycles in temperate due to non-homogeneous expansion and contraction with non-rubber components. Also, application of rubberized asphalt is more temperature-sensitive and in many locations can only be applied at certain times of the year. Study results of the long-term acoustic benefits of rubberized asphalt are inconclusive. The initial application of rubberized asphalt may provide 3-5 decibels (dB) reduction in tire-pavement source noise emissions; however, this translates to only 1-3 decibels (dB) in total noise level reduction (due to the other components of traffic noise). Compared to traditional passive attenuating measures (e.g. noise walls and earth berms), rubberized asphalt provides shorter-lasting and lesser acoustic benefits at a typically much greater expense.

 

Concrete:

 

Concrete is another popular choice for roadways, though it is typically only used for local roads and not other types of construction. Concrete surfaces (specifically, Portland cement concrete) are a created mix of Portland cement, coarse aggregate, sand and water. In virtually all modern mixes there will also be various admixtures added to increase workability, reduce the required amount of water, mitigate harmful chemical reactions and for other beneficial purposes. In many cases, there will also be Portland cement substitutes added, such as fly ash. This can reduce the cost of the concrete and improve its physical properties.

The material is applied in the freshly mixed slurry and worked mechanically to compact the interior and force some of the cement slurries to the surface to produce a smoother, denser surface free from honeycombing. The water allows the mix to combine molecularly in a chemical reaction called hydration.

There are three major types of concrete road surfaces – jointed plain (JPCP), jointed reinforced (JRCP) and continuously reinforced (CRCP). The distinguishing feature between the three being the joint system that is used to help prevent cracks from forming. Jointed plain concrete pavements contain joints to control the location of all the expected shrinkage cracks. The concrete cracks at the joints and not elsewhere in the slabs. Jointed plain pavements do not contain any steel reinforcement. However, there may be smooth steel bars at transverse joints and deformed steel bars at longitudinal joints. The spacing between transverse joints is typically about 15 feet (4.6m) for slab 7 to 12 inches (180 to 300mm) thick. Jointed reinforced concrete pavements contain steel mesh reinforcement (sometimes called distributed steel). In jointed reinforced concrete pavements, designers increase the joint spacing purposely and include reinforcing steel to hold together intermediate cracks in each slab.

The original pavement was laid in the 1950’s and has been significantly altered since.

Something to know about:

  • Durability and maintenance free life: Concrete roads have a long service life of forty years, whereas asphalt roads last for ten years. Moreover, during this service life concrete road do not require frequent repair or patching work like asphalt roads.
  • Vehicle consumes less fuel when running over a concrete road, consumes 15-20% less fuel than that on asphalt roads. This is because of the fact that a concrete road does not get deflected under the wheels of loaded trucks.
  • Resistant to automobile fuel spillage and extreme weather: Unlike asphalt roads, concrete roads do not get damaged by the leaking oils from the vehicles or by the extreme weather conditions like excess rain or extreme heat.
  • Greener process: Asphalt (bitumen) produces lots of highly polluting gases at the time of melting it for paving. Also, less fuel consumption by the vehicle running on a concrete road means less pollution.
  • Saving of natural resources: Asphalt (bitumen) is produced from imported petroleum, the reserve of which is becoming reduced drastically. On the other hand, concrete (cement) is produced from abundantly available limestone.

 

Pavers:

A paver is a paving stone, tile, brick or brick-like piece of concrete commonly used as exterior flooring. In a factory, concrete pavers are made by pouring a mixture of concrete and some type of colouring agent into a mould of some shape and allowing to set. They are applied by pouring a standard concrete foundation, spreading sand on top, and then laying the pavers in the desired pattern. No actual adhesive or retaining method is used other than the weight of the paver itself except edging. Pavers can be used to make roads, driveways, patios, walkways and other outdoor platforms.

 

Gravel:

A gravel road is a type of unpaved road surfaced with gravel that has been brought to the site from a quarry or stream bed. They are common in less-developed nations, and also in the rural areas of South Africa. In New-Zealand and other Commonwealth countries, they may be known as ‘metal roads‘. They may be referred to as ‘dirt roads’ in common speech, but that term is used more for unimproved roads with no surface material added. If well constructed and maintained, a gravel road is an all-weather road.

 

Sources:

https://globalroadcom/road-construction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_surface

https://pixabay.com/en/road-asphalt-freeway-route-travel-691127/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hex_pavers_sliding_to_Hudson_W60_jeh.jpg

https://pixabay.com/en/photos/gravel%20road/

If you are interested in becoming one of our subscribers, please visit our website.
To view notes with screenshots on how to use our website, please visit our Wiki site.
To view more articles, please visit our blog.

About Devika Suresh

I started at Leads 2 Business in January 2010 (12 Years ago). I am presently Deputy HOD of L2Q. I started in the Daily Tenders Bills department and worked my way up to the L2Q department.

1 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 131